SOLVENT-DEPENDENT CHEMICAL PROFILING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF N-HEXANE AND DICHLOROMETHANE EXTRACTS DERIVED FROM HYDRODISTILLED ESSENTIAL OIL OF PHYSALIS ANGULATA L. FRUITS
Graphycal Abstract:The chemical composition of essential oils from Physalis angulata L. fruits from Parkent district was investigated by GC–MS. The n-hexane extract contained 59 compounds (96.3%), predominantly fatty acids, with n-hexadecanoic acid (21.13%) and conjugated linoleic acid (9.46%) as major constituents. The dichloromethane extract contained 34 compounds (80.15%), mainly oxygenated volatiles, including 1-hexanol (24.03%), furfural (6.04%), and 3-hexen-1-ol (5.10%). Solvent polarity influenced extraction selectivity, with n-hexane enriching fatty acids and dichloromethane favouring oxygenated compounds. The dichloromethane extract showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (19 ± 0.12 mm), while the n-hexane extract was less active. These findings demonstrate that solvent-dependent extraction shapes the chemical composition and antimicrobial potential of P. angulata fruit essential oils.