Graphical Abstract: The polarographic catalytic current in acid solutions of Mo(VI), 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2,3-DHBA) and chlorate ions has been investigated. The scheme of reactions taking place in the solutions and on the electrode has been elaborated. The increase of the catalytic current is explained by the formation of the active intermediate complex [Mo(V)×2,3-DHBA (ClO3-)]. The rate constant of formation for the active intermediate complex K = 2.5 × 106 mol-1 × dm3 × s-1, the activation energy of reaction Ea=14.0 kcal×mol-1 and the activation entropy ∆Sa¹= -28.3 e.u. have also been determined.