Graphical Abstract: In this paper, are presented the adsorptive characteristics of a low-cost material that are abundant in our region, namely: Romanian peat moss from Poiana Stampei (Romania), for the removal of different toxic heavy metal ions (Pb(II), Hg(II), Co(II) and Ni(II)) and oil products from aqueous media. The experiments have concerned the influence of several experimental parameters (initial solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial heavy metals concentration, contact time, and temperature) on the heavy metals and oil products removal efficiency. The most important conditions for desorption of heavy metal ions from loaded-materials, required for their regeneration are also presented.